The solar cell module transforms solar energy into electric energy, controls and protects it through the controller, and transforms electric energy into chemical energy stored in the battery. When electricity is used, the battery converts chemical energy into electric energy for DC load or inverter to AC for AC load. The device will stop working only if the power is not used in the battery for a long time.
The solar street lamps are made up of the following parts: solar panels, solar controllers, battery groups, light sources, lamp posts and lamps and lanterns, and some of the inverters.
1) solar panels
Solar panels are the core part of solar street lamps and the most valuable part of solar street lamps. Its function is to convert the radiant energy of the sun into electrical energy or to store it in the battery. Solar cells are mainly made of monocrystalline silicon and polycrystalline silicon. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of monocrystalline silicon is 13% to 15% and polycrystalline silicon is 11% to 13%. The latest technology includes photovoltaic thin film batteries.
2) solar controller
The most important part of the solar street lamp system is the controller, whose performance directly affects the life of the system, especially the life of the battery. The controller uses industrial level MCU as the main controller. By measuring the temperature of the environment, detecting the voltage and current of the battery and solar cell components, controlling the opening and closing of the MOSFET device, the control and protection functions are achieved.
3) battery
Because the input power of the solar photovoltaic system is very unstable, it is generally necessary to configure the battery system to work. There are generally lead-acid batteries, Ni-Cd batteries and Ni-H batteries. The selection of battery capacity should generally follow the following principles: first of all, the energy of daytime solar cell components can be stored as much as possible under the premise of meeting the night lighting, and the electricity can be stored to meet the needs of the continuous and rainy days at night. Battery capacity too small can not meet the needs of night lighting, capacity is too large, on the one hand, the battery is always in the state of loss of electricity, affect the battery life, and cause waste. Batteries should be matched with solar cells and electric load (street lamps). A simple method can be used to determine the relationship between them. The power of solar cells must be more than 4 times higher than the load power, so the system can work normally. The voltage of the solar cell must exceed 20% to 30% of the working voltage of the battery, so as to ensure normal battery negative. The capacity of the battery must be 6 times higher than that of the load day.
4) light source
Solar street lamps are used as an important indicator of the normal use of solar street lamps. The general solar lamps use low voltage energy saving lamps, low voltage sodium lamps, non polar lamps and LED light sources.
The LED lamp has long life span, up to 1000000 hours, low working voltage, no need for inverter, high luminous efficiency, domestic 50lm/W, and imported 80lm/W. With the progress of technology, the performance of LED will be further improved.
5) the height of the lamp pole and the lamp housing of the lamp housing
The height of lamp posts and lamp housings should be determined according to the width of the roads, the distance between lamps and lanterns, and the illuminance standard of the roads. According to our collection of foreign lamps and lanterns, in terms of beauty and energy saving, most of them choose energy saving, and the appearance of lamps and lanterns is not high, so it is relatively practical.